The invention is an apparatus and method for second harmonic optical coherence tomography of a sample comprising a laser coupled to an interferometer which has a reference arm and in a sample arm. A nonlinear crystal in the reference arm generates a second harmonic reference signal. The sample typically backscatters some second harmonic light into the sample arm. A broadband beam splitter optically coupled to the reference arm and sample arm combines the signals from the reference arm and sample arm into interference fringes and a dichroic beam splitter splits the interference fringes into a fundamental and second harmonic interference signal. A detector is optically coupled to the dichroic beam splitter detects interference fringes from which both an OCT and second harmonic OCT image can be constructed using a conventional data processor.