The present invention relates to methods for the diagnosis and treatment of a urological disorder or urological disorders. Specifically, the present invention identifies the differential expression of Carboxypeptidase Z, identified as "8263" gene in tissues relating to urological disorder, relative to their expression in normal, or non-urological disorder disease states, and/or in response to manipulations relevant to a urological disorder. The present invention describes methods for the diagnostic evaluation and prognosis of various urological diseases, and for the identification of subjects exhibiting a predisposition to such conditions. The invention also provides methods for identifying a compound capable of modulating a urological disorder or urological disorders. The present invention also provides methods for the identification and therapeutic use of compounds as treatments of urological disorders.