An NiCr seed layer based bottom spin valve sensor element having a
synthetic antiferromagnet pinned (SyAP) layer and a capping layer
comprising either a single specularly reflecting nano-oxide layer (NOL)
or a bi-layer comprising a non-metallic layer and a specularly reflecting
nano-oxide layer. As a result of their structure and the method of their
fabrication, these elements have higher GMR ratios and lower resistances
than elements of the prior art.