A fuel cell includes an electrolyte layer, a first electrode which is provided on one surface of the electrolyte layer and to which fuel is supplied, and a second electrode which is provided on the other surface of the electrolyte layer and to which an oxidant is supplied. The first electrode contains an additive having an oxidation-reduction potential which is higher than a potential of formation reaction for forming a proton from the fuel and which is lower than an oxidation potential of a component contained in the first electrode.