A complex filter such as the channel select filter in a radio transceiver
is implemented using a transconductance/C topology to benefit from the
ability to tune such filters and thereby stabilize the output transfer
function of the filter over variations in temperature, power supply
voltage and process. The topology is based on an active R/C biquadratic
topology to achieve the additional benefit of independently controlled
stages. The problem created by the R in the output impedance is can be
overcome by separately tuning the R value along with the
transconductance/C ratio, by implementing the R as a transconductance
amplifier having common mode feedback, or by implementing the
transconductance amplifiers of the topology using Nauta transconductors,
and unbalancing the common mode circuit of the Nauta transconductor to
achieve a differential resistance that can be used to implement the R in
the output impedance.