A toner image carrying member can be rotationally driven, and a plurality
of grooves are formed on an outer peripheral surfaces of the toner image
carrying member, the plurality of grooves extending along a rotation
direction of the toner image carrying member and arranged in an
orthogonal direction perpendicular to the rotation direction, and the
configuration of the outer peripheral surface of the toner image carrying
member in the orthogonal direction is a periodic uneven-configuration.
Also disclosed is a method for manufacturing the toner image carrying
member and an electrophotographic apparatus having the toner image
carrying member.