Methods and apparatus for preparing a porous low-k dielectric material on
a substrate are provided. The methods optionally involve the use of
ultraviolet radiation to react with and remove porogen from a porogen
containing precursor film leaving a porous dielectric matrix and further
exposing the dielectric matrix to ultraviolet radiation to increase the
mechanical strength of the dielectric matrix. Some methods involve
activating a gas to create reactive gas species that can clean a reaction
chamber. One disclosed apparatus includes an array of multiple
ultraviolet sources that can be controlled such that different
wavelengths of light can be used to irradiate a sample at a time.