An example battery according to an embodiment of the present invention includes a positive electrode, a negative electrode, and an electrolyte. The positive electrode comprises a positive active material, and has a positive electrode area and a positive electrode capacity. The negative electrode comprises a negative active material, and has a negative electrode area and a negative electrode capacity. The battery has an electrode area ratio equal to the positive electrode area divided by the negative electrode area, and an electrode capacity ratio equal to the positive electrode capacity divided by the negative electrode capacity. In an example battery, the electrode area ratio is at least approximately one, and/or the electrode capacity ratio is at least approximately one.