A light-emitting textile structure, which in particular is useful for medical purposes, comprises a flat support (2) and a plurality of light-emitting elements (4) fixed thereto. Each light-emitting element comprises a light-supplying optical fiber (6), to each optical fiber (6) there being associated exactly one light-emitting element (4), which comprises at least one output zone formed by a local curvature of the optical fiber. The local curvature is selected in such a way that a lateral exit of light from the optical fiber occurs due to the absence of total reflection.