Novel apparatus and methods enhance the ability of a rowing machine to provide a full body workout by increasing the range of movement possible during a rowing stroke, thereby producing increased strength, muscle mass and/or range of movement. These benefits are achieved by use of, in conjunction with a rowing machine, a handle assembly uniquely configured such that, when a user of the rowing machine grasps the handle assembly and performs an exercise routine which includes a pull phase of a stroke, the handle assembly defines a space in which the body of the user may be received during the pull phase. As a result, the user may extend the pull phase of the stroke. Still further benefits may be achieved by combining the aforementioned handle assembly with a novel rowing machine apparatus which allows for the rowing motion to occur in multiple planes or stroke axes, thereby combining the increased strength, muscle mass and/or range of movement which may be achieved using the novel handle assembly with the full-body muscular fitness gains that can be realized from the multi-planar rowing machine apparatus combination of gravity and isokinetic air-fan-type resistance to provide full exercise spectrum including strength, muscle mass, and energy system stimulus to major body extensors and flexors.