The invention provides methods, compositions, and kits for treatment or prevention of biofilm-associated infections in an individual. Methods of the invention include administration of a gallium-containing composition for treatment of an established biofilm or prevention of formation of a biofilm. Some methods include administration of a gallium-containing composition in conjunction with an antibiotic substance. Some methods include treatment or prevention of an orally-associated biofilm with a gallium-containing composition in the form of a dentrifice, mouthwash, or chewing gum composition.