A scanning electron microscope or inspection system includes a sample stage on which a sample such as a wafer is loaded, an electro optical unit to scan an electron beam to the sample, and a charge control electrode to which voltage for controlling a charged state of the sample is applied. Further, there is provided an ultraviolet irradiation device for irradiating ultraviolet light onto the sample, a retarding electric source to apply a retarding voltage to the sample stage or the sample, and a detection unit for detecting secondary electrons or backscattering electrons generated in response to the scan of the electron beam. A monitoring unit for displaying an image of the sample or an inspection unit for inspection of the sample is provided which effects display or inspection based on signals from the detection unit.