A three dimensional (3D) microwave monolithic integrated circuit (MMIC)
multi-push voltage controlled oscillator (VCO) and methods of making the
same is provided. The 3D MMIC multi-push oscillator includes a plurality
of matching frequency oscillators coupled to a phasing ring in
substantially equidistantly spaced apart locations. A combined VCO output
signal is provided at a central output connection point of the phasing
ring. The central output connection point resides on a first plane. An
output conductor transition has a first end coupled to the central output
connection point and a second end provided as an output to the quad-push
VCO. The output conductor transition extends transverse to the first
plane and terminates at a second plane separated from the first plane.
The multi-push oscillator can be a push-push, quad-push or N-push type
VCO based on a particular implementation.