A Catheter Guidance Control and Imaging (CGCI) system whereby a magnetic
tip attached to a surgical tool is detected, displayed and influenced
positionally so as to allow diagnostic and therapeutic procedures to be
performed is described. The tools that can be so equipped include
catheters, guidewires, and secondary tools such as lasers and balloons.
The magnetic tip performs two functions. First, it allows the position
and orientation of the tip to be determined by using a radar system such
as, for example, a radar range finder or radar imaging system.
Incorporating the radar system allows the CGCI apparatus to detect
accurately the position, orientation and rotation of the surgical tool
embedded in a patient during surgery. In one embodiment, the image
generated by the radar is displayed with the operating room imagery
equipment such as, for example, X-ray, Fluoroscopy, Ultrasound, MRI,
CAT-Scan, PET-Scan, etc. In one embodiment, the image is synchronized
with the aid of fiduciary markers located by a 6-Degrees of Freedom
(6-DOF) sensor. The CGCI apparatus combined with the radar and the 6-DOF
sensor allows the tool tip to be pulled, pushed, turned, and forcefully
held in the desired position by applying an appropriate magnetic field
external to the patient's body. A virtual representation of the magnetic
tip serves as an operator control. This control possesses a one-to-one
positional relationship with the magnetic tip inside the patient's body.
Additionally, this control provides tactile feedback to the operator's
hands in the appropriate axis or axes if the magnetic tip encounters an
obstacle. The output of this control combined with the magnetic tip
position and orientation feedback allows a servo system to control the
external magnetic field.