There is provided an ink composition for waterless lithographic printing of a seamless can for retort food which is excellent in retort resistance and does not have an adverse effect on environment, and a printing method using the same ink composition. This ink composition comprises (A) an alkyd resin containing 40 to 60% by mass of at least one kind of fatty acids and (B) an organic solvent which contains an aliphatic hydrocarbon solvent as main component and does not contain an aromatic hydrocarbon solvent substantially, wherein the number average number of carbon atoms of fatty acids in the alkyd resin (A) is from 10 to 14 and a solid content of the alkyd resin is from 30 to 70% by mass.