A scanner for probe microscopy that avoids low resonance frequencies and
accounts better for piezo nonlinearities. The x, y and z axes of a linear
stack scanner are partially decoupled from each other while maintaining
all mechanical joints stiff in the direction of actuation. The scanning
probe microscope comprises a probe, a housing, at least two actuators,
each coupled to the housing, and a support coupled to the housing and to
at least a first of the actuators at a position spaced from the point at
which the actuator is coupled to the housing. The support constrains the
motion of the first actuator along a first axis while permitting
translation along a second axis. The actuators are preferably
orthogonally arranged linear stacks of flat piezos, preferably in
push-pull configuration. The support can take different forms in
different embodiments of the invention. In a particular embodiment, the
scanner is a 2D scanner having a support frame with x and y axes, and a
member for supporting an object to be moved such as a sample for a probe,
the scanner comprising a flexure and flexure coupled cross-conformed
piezos arranged along x and y axes. Expansion of the piezos is measured
by at least two strain gauges disposed to measure the differential motion
of at least two opposed actuators. The strain gauges are preferably
arranged to compensate for ambient temperature changes, and preferably
two or more strain gauges of identical type are disposed on each actuator
to magnify the strain signal.