A method for fabricating a periodic structure having a first layer constituted by a plurality of first columnar members arrayed at first intervals, and a second layer constituted by a plurality of second columnar members arrayed at second intervals in the direction different from the long-side direction of the first columnar members, wherein the first layer and the second layer are laminated to each other, the method including the steps of:preparing the first columnar members, wherein each first columnar member has a first convex part on a surface, and the length of the first convex part in the long-side direction of the first columnar member is longer than the width of the second columnar members; andlaminating the first columnar members and the second columnar members via the first convex parts.