An immobilizing device for biological material comprises a rigid support
(12) carrying a substrate layer (20, 20') of polymer having biological
immobilizing properties, e.g. for amino and nucleic acids. Substantially
solid ultra-thin substrate layers (20') having a thickness less than
about 5 micron, preferably between about 0.1 and 0.5 micron, and
micro-porous, ultra-thin substrate layers (20') having a thickness less
than about 5 micron, preferably less than 3 micron, 2 or 1 micron are
shown, which may be segmented by isolating moats M. The substrate layer
is on a microscope slide (302), round disc (122), bio-cassette, at the
bottom of a well of a multiwell plate, and as a coating inside a tube.
Fluorescence or luminescence intensity and geometric calibration spots
(420) are shown. Reading is enhanced by the intensity calibration spots.
(420) to enable normalization of readings under uneven illumination
conditions, as when reading by dark field, side illumination mode. The
reference spots are shown being printed simultaneously with printing an
array of biological spots or with the same equipment. Methods of forming
layers of the device include controlled drawing from a bath of coating
composition and drying, and spinning of C-D shaped substrates.
Post-forming treatment is shown by corona treatment and radiation.
Adherent metal oxides (14), silica-based materials and other materials
are used to unite layers of the composite. In multi-well plates the oxide
promotes joining of a bottom plate (95, 95') and upper, well-defining
structure (94) of dissimilar material. The oxides (14) also provide
beneficial opacity to prevent light entering the glass support, for
applying potential to the substrate, etc.