According to embodiments of the present invention, an optical device includes a ridge waveguide having the ridge oriented on the waveguide core layer at an angle away from the <110> direction of the (100) plane of (100) Indium Phosphide substrate. The ridge waveguide may be a laser diode, a Mach-Zehnder modulator, or other suitable optical device.

 
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> Monolithic system and method for enhanced Raman spectroscopy

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