Grids and collimators, for use with electromagnetic energy emitting
devices, include at least a metal layer that is formed, for example, by
electroplating/electroforming or casting. The metal layer includes top
and bottom surfaces, and a plurality of solid integrated walls. Each of
the solid integrated walls extends from the top to bottom surface and has
a plurality of side surfaces. The side surfaces of the solid integrated
walls are arranged to define a plurality of openings extending entirely
through the layer. At least some of the walls also can include
projections extending into the respective openings formed by the walls.
The projections can be of various shapes and sizes, and are arranged so
that a total amount of wall material intersected by a line propagating in
a direction along an edge of the grid is substantially the same as
another total amount of wall material intersected by another line
propagating in another direction substantially parallel to the edge of
the grid at any distance from the edge. Methods to fabricate these grids
using copper, lead, nickel, gold, any other electroplating/electroforming
materials or low melting temperature metals are described.