Communication systems include a transmitter that modulates a radio signal transmitted from two differently polarized antennas during a state time in which a wave state of the radio signal conveys information and is based on one or more polarization states selected from a constellation of polarization states comprising at least three polarization states. The communication system includes a receiver that intercepts the radio signal by two differently polarized antennas during the state time, and demodulates the signal. The polarization states may identify user devices or may quantify a portion of the information intended for a user device.