The present invention relates to chemically synthesized promoters that
circumvent the disadvantages of the universal CMV promoter/enhancer
elements. The promoter may be used in a variety of applications,
particularly in genetic immunization. The chemically synthesized promoter
overcomes the common problems of the CMV promoter element such as: low
transgene expression levels, transient expression, and the large amount
of plasmid DNA needed for intramuscular injection in subjects.