An improved grating-outcoupled surface-emitting semiconductor laser
architecture is provided. A second-order grating is placed between two
distributed Bragg reflector gratings. The period of the second order
grating is positively or negatively detuned from the distributed Bragg
reflector selected optical wavelength at which the laser operates.
Detuning of the second-order grating towards shorter or longer
wavelengths allows kink-free, linear LI curves light output versus
forward current) for grating-outcoupled surface-emitting lasers. Due to
the detuning of the outcoupler grating, the outcoupled radiation emits
two beams that deviate slightly from the normal axis. A design point may
then be chosen where the power outcoupled by symmetric and antisymmetric
modes cross and where the outcoupled power is independent of the phase
variation.