The present invention provides a nitrogen-free ARC/capping layer in a
low-k layer stack, which, in particular embodiments, is comprised of
carbon-containing silicon dioxide, wherein the optical characteristics
are tuned to conform to the 193 nm lithography. Moreover, the ARC/capping
layer is directly formed on the low-k material, thereby also preserving
the integrity thereof during an etch and chemical mechanical polishing
process.