The system comprises a control unit (17), and, on each wheel, a pressure sensor (12) and an emitter (13) in order to transmit to the control unit (17) a pressure signal comprising data for identification of the sensor, and means (17) for determination of the speeds of rotation of the wheels, in order to associate (174,179) with each pressure signal the wheel of the corresponding sensor (12), and which comprise means (179) for comparison of data of speeds of rotation of the wheel, determined in different manners (34,50), by the periods (Ti) of the envelopes for modulation of the signals emitted by the emitters (13) and by the wheel anti-blocking device (20).