Provided is a method of increasing the stability of wild-type .beta.-glucocerebrosidase. Also provided are methods of treating and/or preventing an individual having a neurological disease in which increased expression or activity of .beta.-glucocerebrosidase in the central nervous system would be beneficial. This method comprises administering an effective amount of a pharmacologic chaperone for .beta.-glucocerebrosidase, with the proviso that the individual does not have a mutation in the gene encoding .beta.-glucocerebrosidase. Further provided are .beta.-glucocerebrosidase inhibitors which have been identified as specific pharmacologic chaperones and which have been shown to increase activity of .beta.-glucocerebrosidase in vivo in the central nervous system.