The present invention is directed to a tool having a wrist mechanism that
provides pitch and yaw rotation in such a way that the tool has no
singularity in roll, pitch, and yaw. In one embodiment, a minimally
invasive surgical instrument comprises an elongate shaft having a working
end, a proximal end, and a shaft axis between the working end and the
proximal end; and an end effector. A wrist member has a flexible tube
including an axis extending through an interior surrounded by a wall. The
wall of the flexible tube includes a plurality of lumens oriented
generally parallel to the axis of the flexible tube. The wrist member has
a proximal portion connected to the working end of the elongate shaft and
a distal portion connected to the end effector. A plurality of actuation
cables have distal portions connected to the end effector and extend from
the distal portion through the lumens of the wall of the wrist member
toward the elongate shaft to proximal portions which are actuatable to
bend the wrist member in pitch rotation and yaw rotation.