A laser diode drive control apparatus and method in an optical storage medium recording/reproducing system. The laser diode drive control apparatus may include: a monitoring unit to measure an actual beam power emitted from a laser diode; a signal level detecting unit to detect a level of a radio-frequency (RF) signal read from the optical storage medium; a clock generator to generate a system clock according to an optical storage medium type of the optical storage medium; a signal formatting unit to form the shape of a signal required during recording, reproducing or erasing operations, using the system clock; a controller to determine the optical storage medium type and to determine whether an error is present in values measured by the monitoring unit and the signal level detecting unit, and to determine a driving frequency of the laser diode based on the determined results; and a drive to drive the laser diode according to the determined driving frequency and the shape of the signal formed by the signal formatting unit. According to the laser diode drive control apparatus and method, it is possible to produce the optimum laser beam suitable for an operation mode of an optical storage medium by applying driving frequency to the optical storage medium in full consideration of optical efficiency and characteristics of the laser diode and the optical storage medium.