A method for facilitating electronic certification, and systems for use
therewith, are presented in the context of public key encryption
infrastructures. Some aspects of the invention provide methods for
facilitating electronic certification using authority-neutral service
requests sent by an application, which are then formatted by a server
comprising a middleware that can convert the authority-neutral request
into certification authority specific objects. The server and middleware
then return a response from a selected certification authority back to
the service requesting application. Thus, the server and/or middleware
act as intermediaries that facilitate user transactions in an environment
having multiple certification authorities without undue burden on the
applications or the expense and reliability problems associated
therewith.