There is provided a sliding door opening and closing device that improves layout flexibility of a driving unit in a self-propelled sliding door opening and closing device in which the driving unit is disposed on a sliding door side and that can protect a cable member without adding a component such as a decorative sheet. A lower rail is fixed to the vehicle body, and a lower arm guided along the lower rail is fixed to the sliding door. A driving unit for driving the sliding door for opening and closing has a drum driven by an electric motor for rotation. A cable is wound around the drum, wherein one end of the cable is fixed to the vehicle body on a vehicle-front side of the lower rail and the other end thereof is fixed to the vehicle body on a vehicle-rear side of the lower rail. This driving unit is incorporated inside the lower arm so as to be integrally formed with the lower arm.