The present invention concerns methods and nucleic acid based reagents
useful in modulating gene expression in a variety of applications,
including use in therapeutic, veterinary, agricultural, diagnostic,
target validation, and genomic discovery applications. Specifically, the
invention relates to multifunctional short interfering nucleic acid
(multifunctional siNA) molecules that modulate the expression of one or
more genes in a biologic system, such as a cell, tissue, or organism via
RNA interference (RNAi). The bifunctional short interfering nucleic acid
(multifunctional siNA) molecules of the invention can target more than
one regions of nucleic acid sequence in a single target nucleic acid
molecule or can target regions of nucleic acid sequence in differing
target nucleic acid molecules. The self multifunctional siNA molecules
are useful in the treatment of any disease or condition that responds to
modulation of gene expression or activity in a cell, tissue, or organism.