An object of the present invention is to efficiently shape a light flux emitted from a light source into a linear shape and so as to provide an optical element having high versatility that can be widely used irrespective of the original sizes and to provide an illumination apparatus having such an illumination apparatus. The optical element has a reflection surface in the form of an inner side of a curved surface that is formed by rotating a parabola about a rotation axis including the focus of the parabola or a point near the focus of the parabola.