A system and method for using magnetic resonance imaging to increase the
accuracy of electrophysiologic procedures is disclosed. The system in its
preferred embodiment provides an invasive combined electrophysiology and
imaging antenna catheter which includes an RF antenna for receiving
magnetic resonance signals and diagnostic electrodes for receiving
electrical potentials. The combined electrophysiology and imaging antenna
catheter is used in combination with a magnetic resonance imaging scanner
to guide and provide visualization during electrophysiologic diagnostic
or therapeutic procedures. The invention is particularly applicable to
catheter ablation, e.g., ablation of atrial fibrillation. In embodiments
which are useful for catheter ablation, the combined electrophysiology
and imaging antenna catheter may further include an ablation tip, and
such embodiment may be used as an intracardiac device to both deliver
energy to selected areas of tissue and visualize the resulting ablation
lesions, thereby greatly simplifying production of continuous linear
lesions. The invention further includes embodiments useful for guiding
electrophysiologic diagnostic and therapeutic procedures other than
ablation. Imaging of ablation lesions may be further enhanced by use of
MR contrast agents. The antenna utilized in the combined
electrophysiology and imaging catheter for receiving MR signals is
preferably of the coaxial or "loopless" type. High-resolution images from
the antenna may be combined with low-resolution images from surface coils
of the MR scanner to produce a composite image. The invention further
provides a system for eliminating the pickup of RF energy in which
intracardiac wires are detuned by filtering so that they become very
inefficient antennas. An RF filtering system is provided for suppressing
the MR imaging signal while not attenuating the RF ablative current.
Steering means may be provided for steering the invasive catheter under
MR guidance. Other ablative methods can be used such as laser,
ultrasound, and low temperatures.