An intervertebral disc and facet joints prosthesis includes (i) an intervertebral disc prosthesis element having an upper rigid prosthesis endplate, a lower rigid prosthesis endplate, and a core interposed between and attached to the rigid endplates, and (ii) at least one facet joint prosthesis element, each facet joint prosthesis element including an upper facet joint prosthesis component and a lower facet joint prosthesis component. The upper facet joint prosthesis component is constructed to cooperate with its respective lower facet joint prosthesis component, the upper facet joint prosthesis component being rigidly fixed to the upper endplate and the lower facet joint prosthesis component being rigidly fixed to the lower endplate. The prosthesis may be implanted by surgical procedures involving a posterior or postero-lateral approach.