Realizing that rather than protect electronic circuitry, electrostatic
discharge networks when hit by cosmic rays and charged particles, can
actually cause the electronic circuitry in satellites and other space
applications to fail, the inventor created an ESD network having a
redundant voltage clamping element in series with a first voltage
clamping element between two voltage pads. The ESD network may be
connected to a power voltage pad or a signal voltage pad either directly
or through a dummy voltage pad. The voltage clamping elements may further
comprise an array of unit cells wherein the array is electrically
equivalent to single large transistors currently used in ESD networks. By
creating an ESD network as an array of unit cells, benefits greater than
those obtained by using a single transistor as a clamping or a trigger
element are realized--such as increased ballast resistance and less
overall damage to the circuitry resulting from cosmic rays and particles.