The presently claimed invention relates generally to monitoring and/or filtering video or audio data. In one implementation a method is provided including: obtaining data representing video or audio; analyzing the data representing video or audio for an in-band signal, the in-band signal encoded in data representing video picture elements or in data representing audio elements; looking for out-of-band data conveyed with the data representing video or audio; restricting or allowing distribution of the data representing video or audio based at least in part on a result of the act of analyzing and a result of the act of looking. In some implementations the in-band signal includes steganographic encoding or digital watermarking. Of course, other implementations and embodiments are provided.