A developer carrier is capable of stably charging a toner over a long term
without change in physical surface shape and composition. The developer
carrier has at least a substrate and resin coating layer formed on a
surface of the substrate. The resin coating layer includes at least
graphitized particles (i) with a degree of graphitization p(002) of 0.20
to 0.95 and an indentation hardness HUT [68] of 15 to 60 or graphitized
particles (ii) with a degree of graphitization p(002) of 0.20 to 0.95 and
an average circularity SF-1 of 0.64 or more.