The invention relates to a rotationally asymmetric optical system which includes at least one reflecting surface rotationally symmetric about a center axis, is rotationally symmetric about the center axis, and is adapted to form a full 360.degree.-direction image on an image plane or project an image located on the image plane at a full 360.degree.-direction angle of view, and a rotationally asymmetric optical element which is located in such a way as to surround the full circumference of the entrance surface of the full-panoramic optical system in order of travel of light rays in the case of an image-formation optical system, and in reverse order of travel of light rays in the case of a projection optical system, and is rotationally asymmetric about the center axis.