The present invention is a method and apparatus for achieving high work
output per unit volume in micro-robotic actuators, and in particular TiNi
actuators. Such actuators are attractive as a means of powering
nano-robotic movement, and are being developed for manipulation of
structures at near the molecular scale. In these very small devices (one
micron scale), one means of delivery of energy is by electron beams.
Movement of mechanical structures a few microns in extent has been
demonstrated in a scanning electron microscope. Results of these and
subsequent experiments will be described, with a description of potential
structures for fabricating moving a microscopic x-y stage.