Methods and compositions for restoring sensitivity to the antitumorigenic
effects of antiestrogen therapy and/or cytotoxic therapy and inducing
cell apoptosis are provided. Contacting tumor cells to GP88 antagonists
(e.g., anti-GP88 antibodies, anti-GP88 antisense nucleic acids, GP88
siRNA, and small molecules) induces apoptosis and restores sensitivity to
the antitumorigenic effects of antiestrogen therapy and cytotoxic
therapy.