Provided herein are methods for measuring wave aberrations of the eye.
Retinal scattered radiation from a probing laser beam is detected, the
wave front tilt is measured as first partial derivatives along known
coordinates in a discrete set of the pupil points, the wave front is
approximated from this data as functions of the pupil coordinates and the
wave aberrations of the eye are thereby calculated. Partial derivatives
are determined at any pupil point by spline approximation using the
values in a discrete number of points in which the wave front tilts are
measured. This set of points may be located along concentric circles or
along one of the orthogonal axes. The wave front is reconstructed using
numerical integration along the radii with the initial integration point
in the center of the pupil. Wave aberrations are calculated from wave
front data reconstructed in the form of splines.