An exemplary memory array including a plurality of memory cells, each of
the memory cells comprises a first ferromagnetic layer, a second
ferromagnetic layer spaced apart from the first ferromagnetic layer by a
non-magnetic separating layer and being magnetically coupled to the first
ferromagnetic layer by demagnetizing fields from the first ferromagnetic
layer, a spacer layer above the second ferromagnetic layer, and a
reference layer above the spacer layer. The first ferromagnetic layer,
non-magnetic separating layer, and second ferromagnetic layer in
combination function as a data layer of the memory cell.