In one embodiment, a method includes receiving control transitioned from a
virtual machine (VM) due to a privileged event pertaining to a
translation-lookaside buffer (TLB), and determining which entries in a
guest translation data structure were modified by the VM. The
determination is made based on metadata extracted from a shadow
translation data structure maintained by a virtual machine monitor (VMM)
and attributes associated with entries in the shadow translation data
structure. The method further includes synchronizing entries in the
shadow translation data structure that correspond to the modified entries
in the guest translation data structure with the modified entries in the
guest translation data structure.