Variations in the pitch of features formed using pitch multiplication are
minimized by separately forming at least two sets of spacers. Mandrels
are formed and the positions of their sidewalls are measured. A first set
of spacers is formed on the sideswalls. The critical dimension of the
spacers is selected based upon the sidewall positions, so that the
spacers are centered at desired positions. The mandrels are removed and
the spacers are used as mandrels for a subsequent spacer formation. A
second material is then deposited on the first set of spacers, with the
critical dimensions of the second set of spacers chosen so that these
spacers are also centered at their desired positions. The first set of
spacers is removed and the second set is used as a mask for etching a
substrate. By selecting the critical dimensions of spacers based partly
on the measured position of mandrels, the pitch of the spacers can be
finely controlled.