An apparatus and related methods for spectroscopic analysis of analyte
molecules is described. The analyte molecules are disposed near a
metallic film that is positioned between a first medium on a first side
and a second medium on a second side, the second medium being of higher
refractive index than the first medium. A radiation source provides
excitation radiation that propagates through the second medium toward the
metallic film. The second medium and the metallic film are positioned in
evanescent communication with respect to the excitation radiation, and
the metallic film comprises lithographically patterned features designed
to intensify surface plasmon resonance along the metallic film to promote
the emission of Raman radiation from the analyte molecules. A radiation
detector detects the Raman radiation emitted from the analyte molecules.