A two-dimensional light-modulating fine aperture array apparatus includes a spatial light-modulating unit for adjusting quantity of incident light by using a plurality of light amount adjusting cells (liquid crystal cells or micromirrors) arrayed in matrix form, a two-dimensional microlens array having microlenses which focus light beams passing through the light quantity adjusting cells, and a highly efficient two-dimensional fine aperture array. The light is emitted through the fine apertures by connecting the two-dimensional light-modulating fine aperture array apparatus with a light source unit. A scanning unit moves in the x and y directions to perform a scanning process on a surface of a recording medium by using the light emitted from the apertures.