The hybrid junction includes four electrically conductive planar windings,
circular or rectangular, arranged so as to lie along an imaginary
spherical or cylindrical surface. Each of the four electrically
conductive windings is rotated from adjacent windings by about forty-five
degrees. The four electrically conductive windings are electrically
insulated from each other and each include a respective signal port. The
hybrid junction automatically splits and/or sorts signals. Signals
applied to any port will split equally between the opposite port pairs.
One output signal will be in-phase with the input signal, and the other
output signal will be shifted by 0 or 180 degrees from the input signal.
The input signal is split equally, output coupling may be half power or
loose, and there is isolation between the output ports. The hybrid
junction operates over a broad bandwidth.