The invention relates to the encapsulation of luminescence-related
molecules, including but not limited to, adenosine triphosphate (ATP),
adenylate kinase (AK), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), luminol and
luciferin/luciferase cocktails, within liposomes. These liposomes can be
employed to enhance the luminescence detection of microorganisms and
compounds in various products and samples. The liposomes containing the
luminescence-related molecules can bear a probe which has a specific
sequence or structure that, in turn can be used to hybridize to, or
couple with, a portion of the target analyte. Within the same assay,
paramagnetic beads can bear a probe having a specific sequence or
structure that, can hybridize to, or couple with, a second portion of the
target analyte to create a complex of analyte bound to paramagnetic beads
and liposomes. This type of assay can be often referred to as a
`sandwich` assay. Once the probes hybridize to, or couple with, their
targets, a complex can be formed of the paramagnetic beads, the analyte,
or portion thereof, and the liposomes. This complex can then be washed to
remove those components that are non-hybridized or non-coupled. Then, the
paramagnetic bead-analyte-liposome complexes can be isolated from the
sample using magnetic separation techniques and can be treated so as to
release their encapsulated ATP, AK or other luminescence-related
compounds. The resulting luminescence can then be determined in a
chemical assay. This determination can be qualitative (i.e., an
absence/presence assay) or quantitative (i.e., which can measure a
specific amount of analyte present). Through the use of a cocktail of
probe types, the assay can also qualitatively or quantitatively measure
the presence of more than one analyte simultaneously. This type of assay
can be of commercial importance in clinical and forensic applications,
the personal care, pharmaceutical, food and beverage markets, as well as
in environmental sample assays.