The inventive system for estimating quantities of pollution compounds emitted in the exhaust gas of a diesel engine for a motor vehicle comprises means for regenerating a solid particle filter and an electronic control unit which manages the engine operation and is provided with one or several data memories. Said system also comprises one or several neurone networks (1) and networks (2) of input data representative for the engine operation and possibly for the vehicle motion, said data is available in the electronic control unit for managing the engine operation without an additional sensor. Said system also comprises means (4) for cumulating estimated quantities.