The present invention has its object to provide a specific compound derived from a naturally occurring substance, and a composition for the prevention and/or treatment of metabolic syndrome and insulin resistance syndrome which comprises that as an active ingredient, easily and efficiently. The present invention relates to a composition for the prevention and/or treatment of metabolic syndrome and a composition for the prevention and/or treatment of insulin resistance syndrome, each of which comprises, as an active ingredient, at least one compound selected from among the compound represented by the formula (1), compounds represented by the formula (4) and compounds represented by the formula (5), or a salt or ester thereof.